As we have entered winter, the cases of influenza are on the rise. 2023 was recorded as one of the worst years for the flu ,with peak incidences in June and July 2023.
Influenza, commonly known as the flu, is a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses. Each year, it affects millions worldwide, causing considerable morbidity and mortality. It poses a significant global health burden causing millions of cases, hospitalisations and deaths each year. It also has economic implications due to healthcare costs and lost productivity. Let’s understand the condition better and help stop its spread across our community.
Influenza activity varies seasonally, typically peaking during the winter months. The seasonal nature of influenza is influenced by factors such as temperature, humidity and human behaviour, including increased indoor crowding during colder months, especially when socialising.
Influenza spreads primarily through respiratory droplets when infected individuals cough, sneeze or talk. It can also spread by touching surfaces contaminated with the virus and then touching one's mouth, nose or eyes. People are most contagious in the first three to four days after the onset of illness, but can infect others before symptoms appear.
Influenza usually presents with sudden onset of symptoms like sore throat, runny nose, cough, body aches/ muscle pain, chills, fever and headaches. Some people, especially children may get nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. These symptoms can look similar to other respiratory illnesses and vary in severity. It can present as a minor illness for some, but can cause severe complications for the vulnerable population.
These complications may include ear infections, sinusitis, bronchitis, exacerbation of Asthma/COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), pneumonia and in severe cases, may cause death. Certain demographic groups, including young children, pregnant women, elderly and individuals with weakened immune systems, are at higher risk of developing complications from influenza.
Screening with Rapid Antigen Test (RAT) Kits at home and Respiratory Viral Swabs for PCR at the laboratory, help in confirming the diagnosis.
Antiviral medications are available for the treatment of influenza. They are most effective when started within 48 hours of symptom onset, hence, an early reporting is necessary. Supportive management including resting, well hydration, good old steam inhalations and over-the-counter supportive medications for symptomatic relief, do help.
The most important step in prevention of spread is proper handwashing. Use of a mask is recommended if you are amongst people. One should cough and sneeze away from people and cover their face while doing it.
Vaccination is the most efficient and effective way to prevent influenza and its complications. Annual influenza vaccination is recommended, especially for high-risk groups such as young children, the elderly, pregnant women and individuals with underlying health conditions. The flu vaccines are available free of cost this year for eligible patients under the national immunisation program and for the rest, through state government funding. These vaccines are available at all GP practices and participating chemists.
Please consult your GP for further information.
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